In 1996, a U.S. State Department official met with
Adem Demaci, the main political representative of the fledgling
Kosovo Liberation Army (
KLA), an ethnic Albanian guerrilla force formed in 1996 to drive the Serbian authorities from the southern Serbian province of
Kosovo and achieve independence.
Demaci had advocated
Kosovo’s secession since the 1950s, when he hoped to split
Kosovo from Yugoslavia and attach it to
Enver Hoxha’s Stalinist Albania. Yugoslav leader
Josip Broz Tito threw him in jail three separate times for a total of 18 years for advocating a greater Albania. By 1996,
Demaci and the
KLA had grown impatient with
Kosovo Albanian leader Ibrahim
Rugova’s strategy of passive resistance and favored winning independence by violent means, pointing to the example of Bosnia, which in December 1995 had its independence confirmed with the signing of the Dayton Peace Agreement.
The State Department official warned
Demaci that Bosnia already had paid an incalculable price—over three years of a devastating war—for its independence, according to the same official.
Demaci stared intently back at the U.S. diplomat through his heavy glasses and stated ominously, “If there are rivers of blood, if there are rivers of blood, we will be independent.”
Three years later, Madeleine
Albright, President Bill Clinton’s Secretary of State, had to hunt
Demaci down in the Slovenian capital of Ljubljana, of all places, to lobby him to persuade Hashim
Thaci, the
KLA’s young political leader, to sign the
Rambouillet Accords, knowing that Serbian strongman
Slobodan Milosevic would never sign it, and thereby provide the United States and NATO the pretext to bomb Serbia, according to the State Department official. NATO’s war thus was given the green light by a man described at the time by Washington Post columnist Charles
Krauthammer as “a woodsman from
Kosovo” and, most ironically, a hardcore Stalinist. After 78 days of NATO
airstrikes, Milosevic agreed to withdraw Serbian security forces from
Kosovo and allow the U.N. and NATO forces to administer
Kosovo, until the province’s final status is resolved.